Final exam Copy

Which statement regarding spherocytes is FALSE?

In comparison with normal red blood cells they are rounder and lack a central pallor
They are a sign of regeneration
They are more difficult to detect in cats
They are typically seen with IMHA

Which of the following breeds can develop primary familial hyperlipidemia?

Miniature schnauzer, Yorkshire terrier, Maltese dog
Miniature schnauzer, Labrador, Cocker Spaniel
Miniature schnauzer, poodle, Border Collie
Miniature schnauzer, Beagle, Rottweiler

Which cells (apart from red blood cells) can you see in the following cytology picture?

Lymphocytes and one thrombocyte
Lymphoblasts and one thrombocyte
Neutrophils and one thrombocyte
Monocytes and one thrombocyte

Which of the following is NOT a known cause for secondary hyperlipidemia?

Diabetes mellitus
Protein losing enteropathy
Hypothyroidism
Protein losing nephropathy

Which of the following toxic white blood cell changes is least severe and can be commonly seen in cats?

Cytoplasmic vacuolization
Cytoplasmic basophilia
Döhle bodies
They are all equally severe

What are the most important electrolytes in the extracellular fluid (ECF) compartment and play an important role in the tonicity and osmolality of the ECF?

Sodium and Chloride
Potassium and Phosphorus
Magnesium and Calcium
Sodium and Potassium

Which of the following is the most likely to cause a REGENERATIVE anemia?

Blood loss (of a couple days duration)
Hypothyroidism
Chronic blood loss with secondary iron deficiency
Estrogen intoxication

Which of the following does NOT cause a shift of potassium from the extracellular compartment (ECF) to the intracellular compartment (ICF)?

Insulin
Glucose
Benazepril
Bicarbonate (HCO3)

Which of the following breed associated statements is FALSE?

Grey hounds often have a higher Hct or PCV
Cavalier King Charles Spaniels often have macrothrombocytes
Akita Inu`s often have microcytic red blood cells
German Shepherds often have a lower Hct or PCV

What is the net effect of parathyroid hormone on calcium and phosphorus?

Increased calcium and decreased phosphorus
Increased calcium and increased phosphorus
Decreased calcium and increased phosphorus
Decreased calcium and decreased phosphorus

Which type of anemia would you expect to see with true iron deficiency?

Microcytic hypochromic regenerative anemia
Microcytic hypochromic non regenerative anemia
Microcytic hyperchromic regenerative anemia
Microcytic hyperchromic non regenerative anemia

Which of the following is a common clinical sign in dogs with hypercalcemia but NOT in cats with hypercalcemia?

Anorexia
Polyuria and polydipsia
Vomiting
Lethargy

Which of the following is NOT known to cause secondary polycythemia (elevated red blood cell count)?

Neoplasia of the kidney
Chronic hypoxemia due to pulmonary fibrosis
Bone marrow neoplasia
Zinc intoxication

What is the most frequent cause of hypercalcemia in dogs and cats?

Dogs: primary hyperparathyroidism – cats: neoplasia
Dogs: neoplasia – cats: chronic kidney disease
Dogs: neoplasia – cats: idiopathic
Dogs: chronic kidney disease – cats: idiopathic

Which statement regarding physicological neutrophilia is FALSE?

Physiological neutrophilia can be seen in response to stress, exercise
With physiological neutrophilia the neutrophil count is never higher than 2 times the upper level of the reference value
With physiological neutrophilia there should never be a left shift
All the above statements are correct

Hyperkalemia effects the cardiovascular system. Which of the following is NOT seen with hyperkalemia?

Bradycardia
Absent P waves
Widening (prolonged) QRS complex
All the above can be seen with hyperkalemia

Which of the following is NOT a known cause of eosinophilia in dogs and cats?

Hyperadrenocorticism
Hypoadrenocorticism
Mast cell tumor
Parasitic infection

Which of the following is a typical `stress leucogram`?

Neutrophila, lymphocytosis, monocytosis, eosinopenia
Neutrophilia, lymphopenia, monocytosis, eosinophilia
Neutrophilia, lymphopenia, monocytosis, eosinopenia
Neutrophilia, lymphocytosis, monocytosis, eosinophilia

Which anticoagulant is present in the blue top blood tubes

EDTA
Heparin
Citrate
Fluoride

Which of the underlying blood abnormalities is NOT expected to be seen with hypoadrenocorticism?

Hypoalbuminemia
Hypernatremia
Hyperkalemia
Mild non regenerative anemia

What is the difference between serum and plasma?

They both are the same
Plasma contains more coagulation proteins than serum
Serum contains more proteins than plasma
Plasma contains more glucose than serum

Which statement regarding SDMA in cats is FALSE?

SDMA is less influenced by muscle mass
SDMA has an exponential correlation with GFR
SDMA can detect CKD in cats earlier (by 17 months) compared with creatinine
An increase in SDMA can be seen when GFR is decreased by 40%

Which of the following are Wintrobe`s indices?

PCV, WBC, PLT
RC, RP, CRP, RPI
MCV, MCHC, MCH, RDW
None of the above

Which of the following can cause an increase in blood urea nitrogen (BUN)?

Liver dysfunction
Portosystemic shunt
Muscle trauma
Gastro-intestinal blood loss

Which artefact can you seen in the following cytology picture?

Aging artefact
Refractile water artefact
Old stain
Stain precipitate

Which of the following liver enzymes has the highest sensitivity but the lowest specificity for liver disease in dogs?

ALP
AST
ALT
GGT

Which statement regarding reticulocytes is FALSE?

Reticulocytes are non nucleated immature red blood cells that can be recognized as polychromatic red blood cells on a blood smear stained with Diff Quick
It takes a minimum of 3-4 days after the onset of anemia before the bone marrow releases reticulocytes in the circulation
In anemic cats to assess if the anemia is regenerative we need to count the numbers of punctate reticulocytes
In anemic cats to assess if the anemia is regenerative we need to count the numbers of aggregate reticulocytes

Which of the following toxins can cause hypoglycemia?

Ethylene glycol and lead
Xylitol and lead
Ethylene glycol and xylitol
Ethylene glycol and xylitol

Which statement regarding platelets (thrombocytes) is CORRECT?

The automatic hematology analyzers always give an accurate platelet count
On a blood smear platelets have approximately the same size as a lymphocyte
An averaged minimum of 20 platelets per high power field is considered normal
Macrothrombocytopenia is common in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels and most often does not cause clinical signs

Based on the following protein electrophoresis pattern, what would be the most likely diagnosis?

Neoplasia such as multiple myeloma
Chronic infection (f.e. ehrlichia, leihsmania)
Immune-mediated disease
Endocrine disorder

Geert Paes 20 april 2024

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